Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Social Networking And Relationships Comparing Business...
Nicole Van Cleve LEAD 861 Megan Church-Nally June 18, 2016 Social Networking and Relationships: Comparing Business Models to Education Models In a society where we spend more time with the people we work with than our own families, Social Relationships in the workplace could not be more important. In order for our work to feel satisfactory we must connect and maintain social relationships and networks. Social communication is almost as important in the workplace as the actual work itself is. It is getting harder and harder to be able to separate social and work relationships. This is why we must examine how to maintain these things because ultimately the success of our work is highly effected by it. In Organizational Communication in an†¦show more content†¦The fate of the company or school depends on the relationships of the people within it. Historically however, as the book points out, these types of relationships have not always been the case. Work places used to have a much more impersonal feel. Company relationships used to be much more formal and follow procedures like were demonstrated in the parliament. Companies were stricter and there were more rules to follow. Now we are spending much more time at work than in previous decades. This is also true for teachers, who are expected to take on extracurricular activities. Teachers often say that they spend more time with other kids than they do their own. Within organization there has also been a much bigger move to team like structures. With this however, due to the technology available, there has been a much larger increase in workplace diversity and globalization. Within organizations it has become the norm that you have constant conversations with people in other states and even other countries, which in return has taken relationships to a whole new extreme. Within relationships and networks people can interpret things many different ways. This is why people within the group must come to an understanding of others. Things such as connection, openness, novelty, and equality are all things that people hope to achieve within a relationship. Relationships are complex which is why there must be a shared understanding of the
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Internship Report - 1565 Words
Internships profile Chengdu Bank, founded in December 30, 1996, the former Chengdu 44 urban credit cooperatives founded Chengdu Urban Cooperative Bank, Department of Sichuan Province, the first city commercial banks. October 28, 2008, approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the Bank of Chengdu in the Chengdu City Commercial Bank officially changed its name to mark the beginning of the line development by local banks to regional banks, national bank. At the same time, Bank of Chengdu continuous joined this 2007 Global Commercial Banking 1000 , 2007 top 300 Asian banks , 2007 China Banking 100 comprehensive strength rating of the authority of international commercial banks. II.Internship process The purpose†¦show more content†¦Said the bill business predominantly refers to the checks, including two kinds of note of transfer and cash checks. For cash check business is being audited, see the seal of the drawer seal in line with the bank set aside , is through the computer Yan Yin , or manually check ( my internship bank equipment is not quite keep up with advances in technology also uses a manual check ); look at the case are the same amount , whether the altered amount of the ticket , the ticket issue date , payee elements , check whether it has been more than prompt payment terms , check whether the overdraft , if the endorsement , the endorsement shall be signed are consistent , is worth noting that capital amounts to the whole , to the sub , you cannot remember the whole . Cash checks , accounting, bookkeeping , audit and correct accounting , and then passed to the Members of the accounting review , Members of the accounting review is recognized as correct , it is passed to the cashier , the cashier stamped cash paid , the payee can be the cashier s office to receive cash ( cashier reconciliation with the payee orally ) . Note on transfer of audio content is the constant cash checks, handling audited by the accounting bookkeeper accounting review of the members of the accounting review. Here is a recorded time. Cash checks and payment behavior Bank note of transfer (such as the internal dealings ofShow MoreRelatedInternship Report2948 Words  | 12 PagesGOVERNMENT UGANDA WANKULUKUKU ROAD BY KEMIHINGIRO BONITA REG NO: S1324/1003 Internship report submitted to The faculty of business and administration in partial fulfillment for the Award of a bachelor’s degree in project planning and entrepreneurship April 2015 Agency supervisor NAME†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. SIGNATURE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. DECLARATION I kemihingiro Bonita declare that this internship report is my original work and has never been submitted to any institution for any awardRead MoreReport: Employment and Internship1268 Words  | 6 Pageswas just around the corner. My internship reaffirmed my decision to become an accountant. I found that nobody expects you to know everything and that mistakes can be tolerated if learned from. The experience has given me confidence in myself that was severely lacking beforehand. I have realized that I want to continue working in the area of auditing. Experience And Academic Benefits. Experience is always an advantage when seeking employment. An internship provides a relatively nurturingRead MoreInternship Report Format1188 Words  | 5 PagesInternship Report Format 1. Title Page One original title page, prepared in the same format as the Sample Internship title is given at the end. Page submitted with the original signatures of Program coordinator. The date on the title page will depend on the semester you will receive your degree. 2. Acknowledgements If you wish, you may include a page with a brief note of dedication or acknowledgment of help received from particular persons. 3. Table of Contents The contents page should clearlyRead More64577569 An Internship Report on Chartered Accountant Firm14353 Words  | 58 Pagesï » ¿An Internship Report On Chartered Accountant Firm TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER # 1     Introduction ï †Â Â Â Â Â Some what about Chartered Accountant Firm ï †Â Â Â Â Â Organizational Structure ï †Â Â Â Â Â Geographical list of  CA firms in Pakistan ï †Â Â Â Â Â CA firms abroad Chapter # 2                 Institute of Chartered Accountants ofPakistan ( ICAP) ï †Â Â Â Â Â Introduction ï †Â Â Â Â Â Types of Chartered Accountants ï †Â Â Â Â Â Role of  ICAP Chapter # 3                 Services Rendered by a CA Firm ï †Â Â Â Â Â Auditing ï †Â Â Â Â Â TaxationRead MoreInternship Report On The Internship1702 Words  | 7 Pages FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT September 4 2015 BUSN 615 Internship Course Period: July through September 2015 Drexel ID: 13820722 Varun Pillai FINAL REPORT FOR SUMMER INTERNSHIP WITH AUDIENCE PARTNERS Varun Pillai (267) 471-2511 E-mail: vrp36@drexel.edu Facility: Audience Partners 414 Commerce Drive, Suite 100 Fort Washington, PA 19034 Supervisor: Alex Gochtovtt Chief Analytics Officer Phone: +1-484-928-1010 Fax: +1-484-556-4161 Read MoreInternship Report : An Internship1700 Words  | 7 PagesAn Internship Report as Intern Programmer Analyst Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree Of MASTERS in COMPUTER SCIENCE By Rahul Sharma NALAM ( 700630254) Under the guidance of â€Å"Dr. Xiaodong Yue†Department of Mathematics Computer Science, University of central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri- 64093 PREFACE This document specifies the work that I did during the Internship course at RAMPS International Inc., New Jersy under the guidance of Dr. XiaodongRead MoreInternship Report1292 Words  | 6 PagesEconomics and Finance | MiBA Master of International Business Administration INTERNSHIP REPORT AT PALYTRA TRAVEL AGENGY Table of Contents 1. Explanation about how the internship was applied. 3 2. Description of the firm and the department. 3 3. Description of job and tasks during the internship. 4 4. Connection between study and practice. 5 5. Working Routine. 5 6. Supervision. 6 7. Expectations. 6 8. ResultsRead MoreInternship Report1979 Words  | 8 PagesInternship Report by Nigel Ng Ding Xun (BIT) I am Nigel Ng Ding Xun from Business Information Technology. During the ending of my second year in Ngee Ann Polytechnic, I had to go through what may be the toughest thing I faced during my time studying in Ngee Ann. Internship. I was placed in the company Lau Chin Huat Co. Lau Chin Huat Co. is a firm of certified public accountants. In the company, there are a total of three different departments. The IT department, the Accounts departmentRead MoreInternship Report2548 Words  | 11 PagesUNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMETRICS AND STATISTICS | INTERNSHIP REPORT | AT KENYA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS DIRECTORATE OF POPULATION AND SOCIAL STATISTICS –SECTION OF EDUCATION STATISTICS | | BY WESLEY RUTTOH | | 2011 DECLARATION This is to declare that this internship report is my original work and has not been presented in any institution for any evaluation. This internship report is presented to the K.N.B.S for approval by theRead MoreInternship Report6674 Words  | 27 PagesProgramme Bsc (Computer Science). Title Industrial Attachment Report. Period of Attachment June 2010 – Aug 2010. Placement Company Kenya Industrial Estates Ltd., Nairobi. Co-operating Officer Mr. Njuguna J.G. Report submitted to Mr. Waithaka, Academic Supervisor. Date submitted: September 24, 2010 | | Foreword Internship is engaging students in service activities primarily for providing them with hands-on experience
Monday, December 9, 2019
Compilation of Learning Strategies free essay sample
To all of you gratefulness is what I want to offer for being a part in the completion of this academic endeavor. Thank you so much. Rowela I. Salvante March 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPICSPAGE History of Language Teaching1-4 Grammar Translation Method4-10 The Direct Method10-17 Reading Method17 The Audiolingual Method18-26 The Cognitive Code Approach26 Natural Approach26-27 Community Language Learning27-36 The Silent Way36-42 Suggestopedia43-49 Total Physical Response49-55 Lexical Approach55-58 Competency-Based Language Teaching58-62 Content-Based Method62 Task-Based Instruction62-63 Neuro Linguistic Programming63-66 Multiple Intelligence67-69 Whole Language Approach69-71 The Natural Approach71-72 Communicative Approach73-74 The Communicative Language Teaching Approach74-83 Importance of Instructional Materials in Education83-87 Instructional Aid Theory87-88 Reasons for Use of Instructional Aids89-91 The Various Roles of Instructional Materials in in Different Modes of Teaching/Learning95-99 Types of Instructional Materials99-125 1| History of Language Teaching Along the years, many different teaching methods have been developed whether to face students’ needs or to match the requirements of a new administration, all of them claiming to be the best option to teach English. Many theories about the learning and teaching of languages have been proponed. These theories, normally influenced by developments in the fields of linguistics and psychology, have inspired many approaches to the teaching of second and foreign languages. Ancient time In the Western world back in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, foreign language learning was associated with the learning of Latin and Greek, both supposed to promote the speakers’ intellectual. At the time was very important to focus on grammatical rules, syntactic structures, along with rote memorization of vocabulary and translation of literary texts. Latin and Geek were not being taught for oral communication but for the sake of speakers becoming scholarly or creating an illusion of sophistication. Knowledge of Latin was needed for the study of the bible and for academic purposes like the study of medical books and legal documents. After all speaking Latin played a subordinate role because it was a â€Å"dead Language†and because there were no authentic living people who could serve as a model for its phonetically correct pronunciation. It was not before the year 1886 that linguists like Wilhelm Vietor, Henry Sweet, and Daniel Jones 2 created the International Phonetic Alphabet for the phonetic description of sounds in different languages. 16TH CENTURY Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the liturgical language of the medieval Roman Catholic Church, but also as a language of science, literature, law, and administration. Despite the clerical origin of many of its authors, Medieval Latin should not be confused with Ecclesiastical Latin. There is no real consensus on the exact boundary where Late Latin ends and Medieval Latin begins. Starting in late medieval times, Italian language variants replaced Latin to become the primary commercial language for much of Europe (especially the Tuscan and Venetian variants). This became solidified during the Renaissance with the strength of Italian banking and the rise of humanism in the arts. French as a lingua franca French was the language of diplomacy in Europe from the 17th century until its recent replacement by English, and as a result is still a working language of international institutions and is seen on documents ranging from passports to airmail letters. For many years, until the accession of the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark in 1973, French and German were the 3 only official working languages of the European Economic Community. French was also the language used among the educated in many cosmopolitan cities across the Middle East and North JAN AMOS COMENIUS Most famous language methodologist of 17th century was J A Comenius (1592-1670). Languages at this time were being taught by oral methods for communicative purposes. The works of Comenius stress the importance of the senses rather than the mind, the importance of physical activity in the classroom. He is best known for his use of pictures in language teaching. Much in Comenius is surprisingly modern. The exemplar should always come first, the precept should always follow. Karl Julius Ploetz (1819-1881) was a German author of scholarly works, most notably his Epitome of History published in the English language in 1883. He is credited with the idea of arranging historic data by dates, geographic location, and other factors. As later used in the English language, Encyclopedia of World History credited with being one of the most complete and comprehensive academic tools available before the electronic revolution His work was a compilation of factual world events designed to help the students and the general reader. The first English translation was in the U. S. in 1883 by William H. Tillinghast and published by Houghton Mifflin Company. The name of the 4 original work (in a form of a handbook) was Auszug aus der alten, mittleren und neueren Geschichte. Before listing the features of each approach, I would like to clarify some terminology. Namely, what do we mean by the terms approach, method, and technique? Edward Anthony (1963) has provided a useful set of definitions for approach, method, technique Approach: A set of assumptions about language teaching which involve the nature of language, learning, teaching. Method: The plan selected to present language in a systematic way. Technique: Specific activities consistent with the method and approach. Grammar Translation Method (1840 TO 1940s) Latin and Ancient Greek are known as dead languages, based on the fact that people no longer speak them for the purpose of interactive communication. Yet they are still acknowledged as important languages to learn (especially Latin) for the purpose of gaining access to classical literature, and up until fairly recently, for the kinds of grammar training that led to the mental dexterity considered so important in any higher education study stream. Latin has been studied for centuries, with the prime objectives of learning how to read classical Latin texts, understanding the fundamentals of grammar and translation, and gaining insights into some important foreign influences Latin 5 has had on the development of other European languages. The method used to teach it overwhelmingly bore those objectives in mind, and came to be known (appropriately! ) as the Classical Method. It is now more commonly known in Foreign Language Teaching circles as the Grammar Translation Method. It is hard to decide which is more surprising the fact that this method has survived right up until today (alongside a host of more modern and more enlightened methods), or the fact that what was essentially a method developed for the study of dead languages involving little or no spoken communication or listening comprehension is still used for the study of languages that are very much alive and require competence not only in terms of reading, writing and structure, but also speaking, listening and interactive communication. How has such an archaic method, remembered with distaste by thousands of school learners (Richards and Rodgers, 1986:4) persevered? It is worth looking at the objectives, features and typical techniques commonly associated with the Grammar Translation Method, in order to both understand how it works and why it has shown such tenacity as an acceptable (even recommended or respected) language teaching philosophy in many countries and institutions around the world. Objectives Most teachers who employ the Grammar Translation Method to teach English would probably tell you that (for their students at least) the most fundamental reason for learning the language is give learners access to English literature, develop their minds mentally through foreign language learning, and to build in them the kinds of grammar, reading, vocabulary and translation skills necessary to pass any one of a variety of mandatory written tests required at High School or Tertiary level. Some teachers who use the me thod might also tell you that it is the most effective way to prepare students for global communication by beginning with the key skills of reading and grammar. Others may even say it is the least stressful for students because almost all the teaching occurs in L1 and students are rarely called upon to speak the language in any communicative fashion. More conservative teachers from more conservative countries are even likely to be put out by anyone merely questioning the method, and a typical response could be because thats the way its always been done its the way I learned and look; now Im a professor. The point being, the method is institutionalized and considered fundamental. Such teachers are probably even unaware that the method has a name and can be compared alongside other methods. Key Features According to Prator and Celce-Murcia (1979:3), the key features of the Grammar Translation Method are as follows: 7 (1) Classes are taught in the mother tongue, with little active use of the target language. (2) Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words. (3) Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. (4) Grammar provides the rules for putting words together, and instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words. 5) Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early. (6) Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis. (7) Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue. (8) Little or no attention is given to pronunciation. Typical Techni ques Diane Larsen-Freeman, in her book Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (1986:13) provides expanded descriptions of some common/typical techniques closely associated with the Grammar Translation Method. The listing here is in summary form only. 8 (1) Translation of a Literary Passage (Translating target language to native language) (2) Reading Comprehension Questions (Finding information in a passage, making inferences and relating to personal experience) (3) Antonyms/Synonyms (Finding antonyms and synonyms for words or sets of words). (4) Cognates (Learning spelling/sound patterns that correspond between L1 and the target language) (5) Deductive Application of Rule (Understanding grammar rules and their exceptions, then applying them to new examples) (6) Fill-in-the-blanks Filling in gaps in sentences with new words or items of a particular grammar type). (7) Memorization (Memorizing vocabulary lists, grammatical rules and grammatical paradigms) (8) Use Words in Sentences (Students create sentences to illustrate they know the meaning and use of new words) 9 (9) Composition (Students write about a topic using the target language) Comments Many peop le who have undertaken foreign language learning at high schools or universities even in the past 10 years or so may remember many of the teaching techniques listed above for the Grammar Translation Method. They may also recall that the language learning experience was uninspiring, rather boring, or even left them with a sense of frustration when they traveled to countries where the language was used only to find they couldnt understand what people were saying and struggled mightily to express themselves at the most basic level. Very few modern language teaching experts would be quick to say that this is an effective language teaching method, and fewer would dare to try and assert that it results in any kind of communicative competence. As Richards and Rodgers (1986:5) state, It is a method for which there is no theory. There is no literature that offers a rationale or justification for it that attempts to relate it to issues in linguistics, psychology, or educational theory. And yet the Grammar Translation Method is still common in many countries even popular. Brown attempts to explain why the method is still employed by pointing out 10 It requires few specialized skills on the part of teachers. Tests of grammar rules and of translations are easy to construct and can be objectively scored. Many standardized tests of foreign languages still do not attempt to tap into communicative abilities, so students have little motivation to go beyond grammar analogies, translations, and rote exercises.  (1994:53) The Direct Method Towards the end of the late 1800s, a revolution in language teaching philosophy took place that is seen by many as the dawn of modern foreign language teaching. Teachers, frustrated by the limits of the Grammar Translation Method in terms of its inability to create communicative competence in students, began to experiment with new ways of teaching language. Basically, teachers began attempting to teach foreign languages in a way that was more similar to first language acquisition. It incorporated techniques designed to address all the areas that the Grammar Translation did not namely oral communication, more spontaneous use of the language, and developing the ability to think in the target language. Perhaps in an almost reflexive action, the method also moved as far away as possible from various techniques typical of the Grammar Translation Method for instance using L1 as the language of instruction, memorizing grammatical rules and lots of translation between L1 and the target language. 1 The appearance of the Direct Method thus coincided with a new school of thinking that dictated that all foreign language teaching should occur in the target language only, with no translation and an emphasis on linking meaning to the language being learned. The method became very popular during the first quarter of the 20th century, especially in private language schools in Europe where highly motivated students could study new languages and not need to travel far in order to try them out and apply them communicatively. One of the most famous advocates of the Direct Method was the German Charles Berlitz, whose schools and Berlitz Method are now world-renowned. Still, the Direct Method was not without its problems. As Brown (1994:56) points out, (it) did not take well in public education where the constraints of budget, classroom size, time, and teacher background made such a method difficult to use.  By the late 1920s, the method was starting to go into decline and there was even a return to the Grammar Translation Method, which guaranteed more in the way of scholastic language learning orientated around reading and grammar skills. But the Direct Method continues to enjoy a popular following in private language school circles, and it was one of the foundations upon which the well-known Audiolingual Method expanded from starting half way through the 20th century. Objectives The basic premise of the Direct Method is that students will learn to communicate in the target language, partly by 12 learning how to think in that language and by not involving L1 in the language learning process whatsoever.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Sector industry of Air France free essay sample
Air France-KLM Fundamental Company Report provides a complete overview of the company’s affairs. All available data is presented in a comprehensive and easily accessed format. The report includes financial and SWOT information, industry analysis, opinions, estimates, plus annual and quarterly forecasts made by stock market experts. The report also enables direct comparison to be made between Air France-KLM and its competitors. This provides our Clients with a clear understanding of Air France-KLM position in the Airlines Industry. The report contains detailed information about Air France-KLM that gives an unrivalled in-depth knowledge about internal business-environment of the company: data about the owners, senior executives, locations, subsidiaries, markets, products, and company history. Another part of the report is a SWOT-analysis carried out for Air France-KLM. It involves specifying the objective of the companys business and identifies the different factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. SWOT-analysis helps to understand company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and possible threats against it. We will write a custom essay sample on Sector industry of Air France or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Air France-KLM financial analysis covers the income statement and ratio trend-charts with balance sheets and cash flows presented on an annual and quarterly basis. The report outlines the main financial ratios pertaining to profitability, margin analysis, asset turnover, credit ratios, and company’s long-term solvency. This sort of companys information will assist and strengthen your company’s decision-making processes. In the part that describes Air France-KLM competitors and the industry in whole, the information about companys financial ratios is compared to those of its competitors and to the industry. The unique analysis of the market and company’s competitors along with detailed information about the internal and external factors affecting the relevant industry will help to manage your business environment. Your company’s business and sales activities will be boosted by gaining an insight into your competitors’ businesses. Also the report provides relevant news, an analysis of PR-activity, and stock price movements. The latter are correlated with pertinent news and press releases, and annual and quarterly forecasts are given by a variety of experts and market research firms. Such information creates your awareness about principal trends of Air France-KLM business. About Air France-KLM Air France-KLM S.A. operates as an airline company worldwide. The company’s main business is passenger transportation. Its activities also include cargo, aeronautics maintenance, and other air transport related activities, including principally catering and charter services. Segments Passenger: Passenger segment includes the company’s passenger transportation services on scheduled flights with its airline code, including flights operated by other airlines under code-sharing agreements. Cargo: Cargo segment includes freight transport on flights under the companies’ codes, including flights Air France-KLM Fundamental Company Report Including Financial, SWOT, Competitors and Industry Analysis 2 Phone: +44 20 8123 2220 http://marketpublishers.com operated by other partner airlines under code-sharing agreements. It also sells cargo capacity to third parties. Maintenance: Maintenance segment includes maintenance services provided to other airlines and customers worldwide. Other: Other segment includes catering supplied by the company to third-party airlines and to charter flights operated primarily by Transavia. Geographical Segments The company’s activities are broken down into five geographical regions: Europe and North Africa; Caribbean, French Guiana and Indian Ocean; Africa, the Middle East; and Americas, Polynesia-Asia, and New Caledonia. Acquisitions In February 2008, the company bought 100% of shares of the regional airline VLM Airlines. The business airline based in Antwerp manages a fleet of 19 aircraft, offering flights from Amsterdam, Antwerp, Brussels, Groningen (via Amsterdam), the Isle of Man, Jersey, Luxembourg, Manchester and Rotterdam to London City. Significant Events On June 29, 2009, Air France-KLM and Bangkok Airways Co. Ltd. announced that they had signed a code-sharing agreement under which the French carrier would be able to serve six new destinations in Asia on flights operated by its Thai partner. In August 2009, China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd. has expanded its codeshare agreement with Air France to extend the air links between China and Europe and provide customers with more flight options. On March 24, 2010, Aeroflot Russian Airlines signed a code-sharing agreement with Air France-KLM to share an additional ten routes in the scope of the SkyTeam Alliance. The airlines would share routes to the Russian cities of Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhnevartovsk, and to the European cities of Strasburg, Lyon, Marseille, and Lisbon. On May 14, 2010, Vietnam Airlines and Air France have signed a code sharing contract that would allow six more flights a week from Vietnam to Paris. On July 5, 2010, Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. joined the Air France-KLM Group and Delta Air Lines as a member of the airline trans-Atlantic joint venture. Through the four-way joint venture, passengers have access to the trans-Atlantic network, which offers approximately 250 flights and approximately 55,000 seats each day, including 20 daily trans-Atlantic flights to 5 U.S. destinations from Rome and Milan Malpensa airports. On September 21, 2010, Air France-KLM and China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd. signed a joint venture agreement for flights between Paris and Guangzhou in southeast China. In October 2010, Flybe Limited announced the launch of its new code-sharing agreement with Air France. In December 2010, Air France-KLM signed an agreement with Saudi Arabian Airlines Corporation, aimed at developing cooperation. The deal would concern the routes between Jeddah, Riyadh and Paris. The two airlines would be able to offer seven Paris-Jeddah return flights and six Paris-Riyadh return flights per week operated in code-sharing via Airbus A320/330 aircraft.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Chicago Referencing †Repeat Citations - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog
Chicago Referencing – Repeat Citations Chicago Referencing – Repeat Citations If you have a useful source text, you’ll often want to cite it more than once in your work. But the Chicago Manual of Style has specific rules for doing this, so you need to how it works! Here, then, is our guide to repeat citations in Chicago style referencing. Consecutive Repeat Citations In Chicago footnote referencing, when you cite the same source twice in a row, you can use the Latin abbreviation â€Å"ibid.†This literally translates as â€Å"in the same place.†If you are citing exactly the same page as before, you can use â€Å"ibid.†by itself. If you are citing a different part of the text, you should give the new page number(s), too. For instance: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid., 102. Here, page 13 of Alan C. Jenkins’ Wildlife in the City is cited in footnotes 1 and 2, while page 102 is cited in footnote 3. This saves us from writing out the full source information each time. Non-Consecutive Repeat Citations What, though, do you do when you need to repeat a citation after you’ve cited another source? In this case, Chicago referencing uses a shortened footnote style. These shortened footnotes should include: The author’s surname The page(s) cited Non-consecutive citations of the same source would therefore look like this: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Esther Woolfson, Corvus: A Life with Birds (London: Granta Publications, 2008), 234. 3. Jenkins, 102. If you have more than one source by the same author, however, you should also include a shortened version of the title. This will ensure the reader knows which source you’re citing. For instance: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Esther Woolfson, Corvus: A Life with Birds (London: Granta Publications, 2008), 234. 3. Alan C. Jenkins, Introducing Cats (London: Spring Books, 1958), 24. 4. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City, 102. In this case, footnotes 1 and 4 point to the same source, while footnote 3 is another source by Jenkins. Author–Date Citations Chicago referencing also has an author–date system, which uses in-text citations. To reference the same source more than once in this, all you have to do is give the same citation again: Alan Jenkins (1983) describes how birds of prey survive in urban settings. He says that peregrine falcons are a â€Å"spectacular example of adaptive behavior†(Jenkins 1983, 13). All you need to do with repeat author–date citations, then, is make sure they are consistent!
Saturday, November 23, 2019
15 English Words of Indian Origin
15 English Words of Indian Origin 15 English Words of Indian Origin 15 English Words of Indian Origin By Simon Kewin The English language has absorbed words from cultures the world over. The following is a list of some English words whose origins lie in the Hindi, Urdu or Sanskrit languages spoken in India, Pakistan and other countries. These words have entered English through a variety of routes, but the presence of many dates back to the days of the Raj, when India was occupied by the British. 1. Avatar In Hinduism, an avatar is the manifestation in human or animal form of a god, especially Vishnu. The word first appeared in English in the 18th century and derives ultimately from the Sanskrit word avatara meaning descent. More recently the word has gained additional senses, for example to refer to a computer user’s visual representation within a game, on a forum etc. 2. Bangle A rigid ornamental bracelet worn around the wrist (or ankle). Its appearance in English dates back to the 18th century. It derives from the Hindi word bangri meaning a glass ring or bracelet. 3. Bungalow A one-storied house. Derives from the Hindi word bangla meaning, literally, in the style of or belonging to Bengal. The word bungalow in English dates back to the 17th century when it was used to refer to a type of cottage built in Bengal for early European settlers. 4. Cheetah A long-legged big cat from Africa, the fastest land animal on Earth. Its black spots provide the clue to the origins of its name, which derives from the Hindi word cita, meaning speckled or variegated. 5. Chutney A thick, pickled condiment made from fruit, vinegar, spices and sugar. This word entered the English language in the 19th century and derives from the Hindi word chatni, whose meaning is more or less the same as the English word. 6. Cot This word has several meanings, but in the sense of a portable bed or a high-sided child’s bed, it derives from the Hindi word khat, meaning a bedstead or hammock. It arrived in the English language during the 17th century. 7. Guru Originally a Hindu or Sikh spiritual guide, guru entered English in the 17th century, where it now also means any important and respected intellectual guide or mentor. The original word in the Hindi and Sanskrit, also guru, means venerable. 8. Juggernaut In English, a juggernaut is an unstoppable force or movement that sweeps aside or destroys anything in its path. In the UK it is also used to refer to very large lorries (trucks). The word arrived in English in the 19th century and derives from the word Jagannath, a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu. 9. Jungle An area of dense vegetation or, by extension, any challenging or hostile environment. It derives from the Hindi word jangal meaning a forest and began to be used in English during the 18th century. 10. Loot Loot is both a noun and a verb. As a verb it means to ransack, to steal from someone or something, often in a violent way. The noun means whatever is stolen by the act of looting or, simply, any money. The word derives from the Hindi verb lut, meaning to plunder or steal. 11. Pyjamas/Pajamas A set of loose-fitting sleeping clothes, consisting of a jacket and trousers. The pajama spelling is used in North America. The word entered English in the 19th century. It derives from the Hindi word payjamah, meaning leg (pay) and clothing (jamah). 12. Shampoo A soapy liquid for washing the hair (or other things such as carpets). It arrived in English in the 18th century and derives from the Hindi word champo, meaning to squeeze, knead or massage. 13. Thug A brutal or violent person, it derives ultimately from the Hindi word thag meaning a thief or a cheat. It entered the English language early in the 19th century. 14. Veranda/Verandah A sheltered gallery or terrace attached to a house or some other building. The word began to appear in the English language early in the 18th century. In Hindi, the word varanda has a similar meaning. This is not the source of the word, however, as it is thought to derive from the Portuguese word varanda meaning a balcony. 15. Yoga This was originally a Sanskrit word meaning yoking or union. It refers to a system of Hindu philosophy concerned with achieving reunion with the divine. A part of this discipline involves meditation, breath control and the adoption of certain postures, which is how the word came to have the sense of a system of physical exercise. It entered English in the 19th century. Note: Hindi, Urdu and Sanskrit words in this article have been written in a simplified, anglicized form, using the representations employed by the Chambers 21st Century Dictionary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism
Thursday, November 21, 2019
No Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2
No - Essay Example sis shall in addition provide a discussion on the suggestions of what are to be done in order to improve the profit performance of the industry in the future. The following analyses are the probable reasons for the reduction of the industry’s profit according to the London’s time and tide (2011) newspaper explanation. According to the Excellence Clothing Company journal of 2014, there is a general decrease in base of revenue for the company. The revenue of the industry declined from  £255063 to  £215623 from the years 2013 to 2014. Since profit is a direct related function of revenue, that is profit = revenue – cost (cost of sales). Such a reduction in revenue consequently leads to loss realization or profit decline. There can be quite a number of factors that may lead to such a reduction in revenues. The policies of London have been proved to be ignorant on the clothing industries. The policies have not allowed for any incentive offer to be given to the industry. There are also varieties of stringent restrictive actions imposed by the London policies that have subjected the industry to many operation ceilings (Clutterbuck, & Crainer, 2012). This means that the company cannot operate beyond a certain set level of production even if it has the capacity of doing so. Most of the policies especially those by the London government have imposed huge amount of taxation on the industry in the year 2014. The industry is being taxed hugely in cases where the clothing raw materials to be used are imported. The custom duty to be paid in such cases of raw materials importation have been cutting deep in to the amount of cost expenses that are to be paid by the industry. The company is as well expected to be paying excise duties monthly and submitting their returns for excise duty charges. The above mentioned costs of taxation are of a negative impact to the industries revenues. Since such costs have to be paid by the industry through making withdrawals and deductions
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 20
Management - Essay Example Currently, people at Mr. X’s hotel owing to his highly profitable management style share mutual goals, which is a kind of trend that results in delivering real value to customers. Following discussion will demonstrate key features of my interview with Mr. X and also explain how his experience added to my knowledge of management. Many factors internal and external to an organization can influence the role played by mangers in carrying out their job. Success of a company depends a lot on if a manager is a good planner and has a considerable experience in planning functions or not. Sometimes managers do not find it easy to fully commit themselves to their plans which can adversely affect both short and long-term goals of a company. Apart from managers’ inherent capabilities, it can be factors external to an organization like the state of an economy or a fiercely competitive business environment which can affect the role played by managers. Bad economy can prevent a manager from good planning. The essence of Mr. X’s narrative was that a manager should essentially view him/herself as a conscientious leader. This is because an ethically and socially responsible leader always remains keen on participating with his/her employees. This participative style is the key to sustain success in any organization. Mr. X also described different management styles to me. Some organizations are run like tribes where managers primarily focus on paternalistic authoritarian management. Such managers develop aggressive-defensive cultures which thrive on the use of coercive prods. These coercive means are used by employers to force employees to complete tasks (Cheng 2006, p. 59). This negatively impacts the rate of employee motivation in an organization. Participative style on the other hand advocates the idea that every member of an organization
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Mountain Man Beer Company Essay Example for Free
Mountain Man Beer Company Essay Mr. Prangel as we all know Mountain Man Beer Company has been in the market over eight decades; manufacturing a beer known for its authenticity, quality and toughness. In all these years we have seen many regional breweries vanished by fatal decisions. Mountain Man Beer Company is still standing strong in the market, yet it has come the time to make a crucial decision regarding the future of our company. Before I present my recommendation I would like you to know that I am well aware of your father’s words when he talks about the company, when he says that â€Å"Mountain Man is still standing because we manufacture and exceptional beer with a great brand name, we have never lost sight of our core customer, and we have never been seduced by the other guy’s market†. Unfortunately due to changes in beer drinkers’ preferences and declines in sales for the first year, we need to consider different options to compensate for potential declines in sales in the coming years. Despite all our efforts to build brand equity in 2005 Mountain Man Lager Beer’s sales have declined for the first time in the history of the company by 2%, which could continue on the following years if no action is taken. On the other hand the Light Beer category, in which we have to presence at all, has been steadily gaining market share at a compound annual rate of 4% per year in the past 5 years. Light beer’s market share accounted for 50. 4% of volume sales in 2005. At this point we have two different options from which we can pick from with their pros and cons. The first strategy would be to keep doing what we are doing focusing on our core consumers, maintaining our company as a single product company. The second strategy, and the one I am recommending after looking at the industry’s numbers and different facts in the Beer industry, is to move to diversification of our product portfolio towards light beer to satisfy a new customer base, to catch up with the changing times and the lost in sales of our main product Mountain Man Lager Beer. Keep doing what we are doing The strategy consist in focusing in our core consumers and keeping our brand image of â€Å"Working man’s beer†as Oscar Prangel said â€Å"focusing on what we do best, not by attaching our brand to every conceivable version of a product. †Mountain Man Beer Company has been successful marketing to the blue collar, middle-to-lower income men over age 45, distinguishing from competitors with an old family brew resulting in a flavorful, bitter-tasting, high alcohol level beer, obtaining a brand loyalty rate of 53%. At the same time we have to take in consideration that the beer consumption in the US has declined 2. 3% plus the lost in market share of premium beers, going with this strategy could hurt the company in many ways. This strategy does not include introducing a light beer into the market, even though the market for light beer has been growing consistently 4% per year for the past 5 years. Pros:Keep brand image strong. No investment needed Focus on our core consumers. Cons:Beer consumption in US declined 2. 3% Sales decreased by 2% in 2005 (Appendix 1) 45 + years old beer drinkers are being overshadow by the key consumer segment for beer (21-27 years old) Light beer’s market is growing 4% per year while Premium beer has been losing 4% market share per year. Our Revenue will be considerably hurt in the next years (Appendix 2 3) Launch Mountain Man Light Mountain Man Beer Company will have to introduce a â€Å"light†beer to their product portfolio, to satisfy the growing demand of the younger beer drinkers and compensate the lost in sales of our main product Mountain Man Lager. Light beer is the fastest growing segment in the $75 billion beer industry in the US, accounting for 50. 4% and increasing at compound annual growth rate of 4%. There are many factors we need to take into consideration when launching Mountain Man Light, such as cannibalization, cost, and advertising. -We are shooting for a 0. 25% market share of the light beer consumption in 2006, while growing our share by a quarter of a percent per year the following years. We are projecting 48,735 barrels on 2006 (Appendix 4) -There is a risk of possible cannibalization from MM Light to MM Lager of 5% 20% according to Oscar. I will set cannibalization at 5% due to the fact that MM Lager drinkers consume our product for its roughness, and they are not likely to switch to a lighter version of MML. 25,480 barrels of beer will be cannibalize from MM Lager on 2006. (Appendix 5) -An advertising agency estimated that creating a 60% level of awareness for Mountain Man Light will cost $750,000 for an intensive six months. -Another cost to take in consideration is the increment selling general and administration which is $900,000 per year. -The cost of producing Mountain Man Light will be $71. 62 which is $4. 69 more than a Mountain Man Lager barrel, reducing our contribution margin from 31% to %26. 16. (Appendix 6) -We will see increase in Income and Revenue starting 2007 (Appendix 7) Appendix Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Mountain Man Sales Assuming 2% per year reduction Mountain Man Sales Assuming 2% per year reduction Appendix 3 Projected Income Statement | | | | Mountain Man Income Stament | 2005| 2006| 2007| | 520,000 Barrels| 509,600 Barrels| 499,408 Barrels | | | | | | | |. Net Revenue| | | 50,440,000 | 49,431,200 | 48,442,576 | | COGS| | | 34,803,600 | 34,107,528 | 33,425,377 | Gross Margin | | | 15,636,400 | 15,323,672 | 15,017,199 | | SGA| | | 9,583,600 | 9,391,928 | 9,204,089 | | Others| | | 1,412,320 | 1,384,074 | 1,412,320 | Operating Margin| | 4,640,480 | 4,547,670 | 4,400,789 | | Other Income| | 151,320 | 148,294 | 145,328 | Net Income Before Taxes| | 4,791,800 | 4,695,964 | 4,546,117 | | Provision for Income Tax| 1,677,130 | 1,631,230 | 1,598,605 | Net Income After Taxes| | 3,114,670 | 3,064,734 | 3,003,440 | Appendix 4Projected Market share| | | | | | | Year| Light Beer | MM Light| Market | | Consumption| 0. 25%| Share| | CAGR + %4| . +. 25% per year| | 2005| 18,744,303 | | 0. 00%| 2006| 19,494,075 | 48,735 | 0. 25%| 2007| 20,273,838 | 101,369 | 0. 50%| 2008| 21,084,792 | 158,136 | 0. 75%| | | | | Appendix 5 Cannibalize Barrels Cannibalize Barrels Contribution Margin Contribution Margin Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Projected Income Statement | | | | | Mountain Man Income Stament | 2005| 2006| 2007| | | 520,000| 484,120| 474,438 | BB Lager| | | | | | 74,215 | 126,339 | BB Light| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net Revenue| | | $ 50,440,000 | $ 54,158,495 | $ 58,275,369 | | | COGS BB Lager| |. 34,803,600 | 32,402,151 | 31,754,135 | | | COGS BB Light| | | 5,315,278 | 9,048,399 | | Gross Margin | | | 15,636,400 | 16,441,066 | 17,472,834 | | | SGA (+900,000 yearly)| | | 9,583,600 | 11,190,114 | 11,072,320 | | | Others (+750,000)| | | 1,412,320 | 2,266,438 | 1,631,710 | | Operating Margin| | 4,640,480 | 2,984,514 | 4,768,804 | | | Other Income| | 151,320 | 162,475 | 174,826 | | Net Income Before Taxes| | 4,791,800 | 3,146,990 | 4,943,630 | | | Provision for Income Tax| 1,677,130 | 1,787,230 | 1,923,087 | | Net Income After Taxes| | 3,114,670 | 1,359,759 | 3,613,073 | |.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Telemachus in The Odyssey Essay -- Papers Odyssey Essays Papers
Telemachus in The Odyssey The first four books of the Odyssey are sometimes known as 'Telemachy'. It is a self-contained section that could in fact be easily removed, allowing the story to begin with Odysseus without damaging the plot. They deal with Telemachus' struggle and coming of age through his travels and quest. Telemachus is sent on his travels because although he has grown to adulthood, when Athene first visits him in book one, he is somewhat pathetic, lonely and very much a young boy and is not strong enough to remove the suitors from his father's palace: "Sitting disconsolate among the Suitors, imagining how his noble father might come back out of the blue, drive the Suitors headlong from the house, and so regain his royal honours, and reign over his own once more" Telemachus had no one strong to support him and there were 108 suitors for his mother. Telemachus at this point would not impress the great Odysseus (his father). As Telemachus was only an infant when his father left for Troy, he was desperate for some news about him. Telemachus says that he knows that he is Odysseus' son only by what he has been told and he is also very negative about ever finding his father, and his conviction that he is dead is obvious: "My father's unhappy end" Also, his grandfather Laertes was not at the palace and so he has no male role model to lead him on the right path to becoming a man. His travels also give Telemachus a chance to develop his own identity and Kleos and become a man. He develops somewhat in books one to four. Kleos in Homeric context meant what people said of you and defined how you'd be r... ...s, which tie him to his childlike life with his overly emotional mother. He needs to learn about being a hero and polite etiquette in the company of gods or heroic men. He must prepare himself for the imminent arrival of his father, which is delayed by Homer whilst Telemachus becomes a son resembling his father in ways other than physically. He gains a role model in characters such as Menelaus and a positive attitude that comes from reassuring words from him and confidence from Athene. Telemachus discovers the last known whereabouts of his father, is given hope that he could still be alive and learns that his father was indeed a hero with many important friends. We feel sorry for Telemachus' difficult childhood, and yet think that he needs to become a stronger, more confident character, that his father can be proud of.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Education †Law Essay
Life is too short for acquiring knowledge. Student life is mainly meant for studies. A student who devotes his full energy and time to his studies is a good son of his motherland. India needs mentally alert and able young men and women. It is the duty of students to acquire as much knowledge as they can during their student life. A nation of undisciplined citizens can never make any progress. Such a nation is always in danger of extinction. Indiscipline is a serious drawback of our national life. Not only students but also mature citizens, responsible leaders and honorable legislators, often behave in an undisciplined way. This shows that they did not get proper training in early life. Naturally, it becomes the most important duty of students to be fully disciplined. They should be disciplined in every thought and action. No one can become disciplined. It is essential in their life outside schools and colleges. The damaging of public property, burning of buses etc., are all signs of indiscipline. They are anit-national activities. Students must not indulge in them. During the national struggle for freedom, students were asked to take active part in the struggle. But in free India students must devote all their time to their studies. However, political parties use them to gain their own ends. In Gujarat, in Punjab, in Assam, in Bihar, and in other parts of the country, students were used as tools. They took part in agitations against price-rise, unemployment, or for the dissolution of some Legislative Assembly or the other at the cost of their studies. Students must safeguard themselves against their involvement in politics. It simply means wastage of time and energy. Only mature minds can be successful in politics. the first duty of students is to carry on their studies. They should avoid politics. A nation does not live by its big factories, dams or buildings. It can live only by the character of its people. During three hundred years of foreign rule, our moral character was shaken. Students are yet in the process of training. It is their sacred duty to build up their character. They must learn from the very beginning the lesson of self-help, self-reliance and self-sacrifice. These are the essential qualities of character which they must acquire. They should learn to co-operate with each other in their class-rooms, on playgrounds and in other activities of college life. For them no duty is of greater importance than the development of character. Today communalism threatens to break the country into pieces. Religion is being used to secure votes. This must not be done. It is the duty of students to see that religion is declined from politics. Religion must not be misused for political purposes. Further, students must shun violence. Violence leads to terrorism. Every effort must be made to do away with it. Students as citizens of India must play an active part in putting down such evils. Students should participate in the political life of the country, but not at the cost of their studies. No doubt, the voting age has now been lowered to 18 years, but this does not mean that they should neglect their studies. Seasoned and experienced leaders are there to shape the destiny of the nation. Students will be required to take their place when they retire. They are the future builders of the nation. Their duty in the present is to prepare for the future. They should be well equipped morally, emotionally, mentally and physically. In this way alone would they do discharging their duty to their motherland.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Is Homosexuality a learned behavior or biological Essay
Homosexuality is a controversial issue within any society in the world and has been debated upon in the public in recent years. The debate on homosexuality has typically concentrated on the social and legal issues surrounding the concept and little regard has been given to the cause of the problem. The controversy that has surrounded the homosexuality issue has spread to the determination of the cause of the phenomenon. This has been brought about by those arguing that homosexuality is caused by environmental factors whereas others argue that homosexuality is caused by biological factors. This paper is going to give an analysis of whether homosexuality is a learned behavior or a biological one. Homosexuality: Homosexuality is a concept that has been controversial in many societies. Though the behavior has been widely spoken about in the recent past, it was almost forbidden in the traditional societies and anyone involved was considered immoral. Homosexuality has been defined as a romantic attraction towards individuals of the same sex. Homosexuality is therefore part of the three notable sexual orientations exhibited in human species which also include bisexuality and heterosexuality. Homosexuality has elicited a strong debate not only on its acceptability within the society but also regarding its causes. The controversy has led to the legal and social implications of the issue dominating the media as well as the biological debate sparked by the research finding in the recent past. The central question in regard to the causes of homosexuality has been on whether homosexuality is caused by biological concepts or it is a learned behavior that has been entrenched in the cultural norms (Lawrence, para 1). Homosexuality is characterized by an individual having sexual preference with others of the same sex. In females, such preferences are referred to as lesbianism whereas in males it is called gay. This is in contravention to the conventional societal expectations of heterosexuality. Homosexuality has been met with social consequences especially for those with same sex sexual preferences. It has been estimated that between 2 and 5 percent of males are gays whereas between 1 and 2 percent of females practice lesbianism (Pease & Bull, para 5). In the United States, despite the eminence of the phenomenon, most of the states do not approve of same sex marriages. It has been previously thought that homosexuality is a choice and that individuals do learn the behavior. A survey conducted in 1970 indicated that over 40 percent of the public were of the opinion that the young gays had learned the habit from the older ones (Pease & Bull, para 5). Homosexuality as a biological behavior: In the development of the child, genetics that are inherited from the parents play a vital role in the determination of character and behavior. Genes are known to carry all the biological information and may be incorrectly placed during the cell division process through mutations. Homosexuality is considered as coming from gene mutation in human development. The biological explanation of the homosexual behavior was given impetus by Simon Levay who discovered that the hypothalamus of the brain in homosexuals was small compared to heterosexuals. He concluded that differences in the brain formation were responsible for homosexual behavior (Queer Foundation, para 4). There is also a hormonal imbalance amongst the homosexuals. Hormones are responsible for controlling and stimulating the body and therefore any imbalance in hormones will lead to disorientation in the erotic attraction (Queer Foundation, para 4). Research has continued to point towards a biological cause of homosexuality. There are certain observations that point to the biological causes of homosexuality as observed by Dan Eden. According to Eden, the heterosexuals and homosexuals exhibit observable differences that have a biological orientation. He observed that the index and the ring fingers are about the same in length for heterosexual women whereas in men, the index finger is usually shorter compared to the ring finger. On the contrary, lesbians’ finger length were more like men’s and this is also seen in other character traits including eye-blink patterns and other male traits (Eden, para 1). Research has also indicated the differences in the brain of the males and females. Studies that have been conducted indicate that there is sexual dimorphism in the hypothalamus of the two sexes. The males have shown greater differences in terms of cell numbers compared to the females in this part of the brain. Studies have indicated that between two and four of the Interstitial Nuclei of the Anterior Hypothalamus (INAH) in males are double the size found in females. Since the INAH is responsible for sexual dimorphism, scientists believe that differences in this region of the brain are responsible for the sexual orientation in individuals (Deem, para 3). Another study done by scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden reinforced the notion that homosexuality is an inborn phenomenon. In this study, both heterosexuals and homosexuals were exposed to sex hormones and their stimulation in the hypothalamus measured. There was a great difference in how the hypothalamus in the two categories of sexual orientation reacted to sexual hormones. Upon being exposed to the male hormones, the hypothalamus in heterosexual females and homosexual males was activated but heterosexual males did not respond to the same. Similar observations were observed when female hormones were introduced. In this case, the heterosexual males’ hypothalamus got activated as opposed to heterosexual females and homosexual males (McHugh, para 3). Studies by biologists Ward Odenwald and Shan-Ding Zhang on fruit flies tend to indicate that homosexuality is a genetic issue. In their experiment, the two scientists transplanted a single gene into the flies which was responsible for the homosexual behavior that was observed. They inferred their findings to human homosexuality claiming that since there is the presence of a related gene in humans, homosexuality was a genetic issue though no much has been done to prove this claim. The two scientists are however cautious on the issue and hopes that their revelation would be important in analyzing how the genetic make up in individuals could be responsible in influencing the sexual orientation (Thompson/Bethesda, para 2). Homosexual as a learned behavior: Socio-behaviorists are opposed to the biological notion in regard to the homosexual behavior in humans. Homosexuality is attributed to the environmental factors which hold that homosexuality is a learned behavior. Behaviorists regard childhood experiences as responsible for homosexuality behavior that is exhibited by individuals. As a learned behavior, homosexuality can be traced by analyzing the play patterns during childhood, peer relations and interaction, and parental influence. Psychoanalysts in particular had extensive studies on homosexuality in trying to explain the ‘abnormal’ behavior. Their explanations seem to point to an individual’s upbringing as the main cause of the homosexuality. In simple terms, they were of the view that homosexuality was caused by environmental factors (Newman, para 1). Homosexuality has been with us since the ancient times and it was accepted in some cultures. A Greek philosopher by the name Aristophanes believed that there is a longing between two souls to get together and that sexual desire on its own is not responsible for homosexuality thus culture has greater influence on the trend. In Greece, homosexuality was practiced in ancient times between young boys and adult males as part of initiation into adulthood. In New Guinea, there are instances where young males are inseminated by tribal warriors which is allowed y their culture. In Crete, the male adolescents had to engage in a homosexual relationship as initiation to adulthood (Johnson, para 17). The social and cultural environment is therefore core in determination of the sexual orientation of the individuals. Behaviorists hold that â€Å"some sexual and gender identification differences result from roles imposed by family and friends upon children, such as the masculine and the feminine stereotypes†(Johnson, para 18). Some studies have contradicted the genetic determinism in homosexuality. If genetics were fully responsible for homosexuality, then one would expect it will be permanent. Studies have however indicated that sexual preferences can change over time especially in females. In a five-year study conducted on female homosexuals, it was discovered that more than ? abandoned lesbianism with ? reclaiming heterosexuality. Other studies have continued to reinforce the notion that sexual orientation is not fixed and can change over time. A good example is given by Kerry Pacer who was a gay advocate when in High School but later changed to a heterosexual relationship. It is therefore imperative to note that in some individuals sexual orientation is something that they can choose and thus a learned behavior. Some engage in homosexuality after being influenced by their role models or peers (Deem, para 17). For those arguing that homosexuality is a learned behavior, it is argued that children from a tender age have to be taught the acceptable standards of behavior in the society and that they should also be exposed to the right role models. Peer influence, the media and the internet has been blamed for having influenced the youth in practicing bad behaviors like homosexuality. It is obvious that in the current times teenagers discover their sexual experiences at a tender age and that any harmful patterns of sexuality can have a lasting impact on these young people. Since sexual experience is pleasurable, it is usually reinforced by the experience irrespective of whether it is acceptable or not (Dolphin, para 21). Conclusion: The controversy surrounding homosexuality is far from over. Though increased research activity has surfaced to determine its cause, there is no universal agreement on the matter as the findings can not settle on a particular cause of the issue. It will not be comprehensive to argue that homosexuality is caused by biological factors neither can it conclusively be argued that homosexuality is a learned phenomenon. The complexity surrounding the issue has led to a divided opinion on the matter. Nevertheless, it would be more accommodative to bring the two positions together and recognize that each can contribute to the same problem in a way. Biological causes can not be dismissed neither can we dissociate the environmental causes. Homosexual behavior is best understood if biological and environmental factors are incorporated.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Federal Budget Cycle
Federal Budget Cycle Passing of budgets is a regular exercise that mainly occurs annually. There are several stages that accompany public budgeting process, which entail preparation and submission, approval, execution, and audit and evaluation. Budget process is a timeline activity with preparation of the budget as the first step in budget cycle. For Federal budget, budget preparation is concerned with compiling a draft budget, for presenting to the congress.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Federal Budget Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Preparation of the budget is an internal activity for the executives. During federal budget preparation, the fiscal policy is set followed by determining the total available resources for spending. At preparation juncture, the office of management negotiates with appropriate departments about allocation of funds. However, the office of management is responsible for putting expenditure ceiling for each department. After drafting the budget, the office of management presents it to the president for review and make final ruling mainly on the contentious issues (Lee, Johnson Joyce, 2008). After coming with a comprehensive budget draft, the present takes the budget to the congress for approval. The budget has to get the approval of the congress in order to become effective. Before the approval, the congress scrutinizes the budget proposal from the executive. This entail the congress assessing the setting of the fiscal policy, sources of revenues, as well as the expenditures. The role of the congress is to reject, approve, amend and in some cases substitute the budget proposal with their own budget format. Some government budgets requires passing of separate legislations for appropriation and alterations to the tax code. Some governments on the other hand take into consideration a unified budget bill as in the case of the federal budget. However, the most important aspect in this stage is a comprehensive scrutiny of the budget proposal, irrespective of the adopted legislation. In public budget cycle, authorization of all public spending and taxation make sure that the rule of law in public finance. The duration that the budget proposal takes before approval varies from one country to another. In the United States of America, the congress spends approximately eight months in reviewing the budget proposal presented by the executives before making their final ruling. Budget scrutiny takes a considerable time to increase its influence. Once the congress approves the budget proposal, the budget process proceeds to the next stage of implementation (Nikol, 2011).Advertising Looking for coursework on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The execution of the budget commences with the starting of the fiscal year. The implementation of the approved budget is mostly in the powers o f the executives. The congress and the treasury play a significant role in ensuring that the apportioning of the funds is as per the approved budget. In some case and mainly in developing nations, budget allocated funds is sometimes used for other purposes rather than the purpose approved. This results to adverse effects on the vulnerable groups that have less political influence. The congress does not allow misallocation of funds already approved for certain spending. To avoid excessive adjustments the congress keeps a close eye on the spending of the allocated money as well as funds apportioning. Moreover, to avoid the undermining of the authority, the through-unwarranted adjustments, Congress make sure that any significant adjustment to the budget is captured in supplement apportions, which has been approved by the congress. During the adjustments, the congress should make sure that there is thorough scrutiny of the proposals presented in similar manner to the scrutiny of the bud get formulation process. Transparency is very important in public budget cycle. The implementation stage in public budget cycle is critical. This is because the allocated funds are likely to be deviated to other spending because of urgent cropping needs. For example, the funds allocated for spending in the infrastructure are often deviated if there is a natural disaster such as floods and storms that require immediate attention. Therefore, despite the highly accurate forecasting process that accompanies the federal budget process, there are some new urgent public spending that are difficult to anticipate and therefore strict adherence to the budget is rare. During the budgeting process, the budget takes in account such considerations. Such concerns help in making sure that the budget remains authoritative even during instances of difficult economic crisis. In response to such eventuality, the contingency reserve sets aside some funds for adapting the budget to cater for the emergenc ies or changing circumstances. In order to ensure accountability and transparency, the congress makes sure that it monitors the use of contingency reserves accordingly. The use of any contingency reserve should follow approval of the congress. The fund set aside as contingency reserve should not be excessive to avoid causing inflation. Apart from the aforementioned aspects, other factors inhibit proper implementation of the federal budget.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Federal Budget Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, introduction of new legislation like increasing entitlement such social grants brings conflicts with the budget constraints or medium terms of expenditure. Therefore, in the process of formulating policies, appropriate stakeholders should factor in short-term as well as long-term budget implications of the proposed legislations. The audit and evaluation stage follows the execut ion stage (Saturno, 2004). In the audit and evaluation stage, an independent body such as an audit court analyzes the federal accounts and financial statements in order to establish whether the executives used the funds allocated by the budget appropriately. After the audits finish their investigations, they hand over the findings to the congress. After a thorough scrutiny of the findings presented by the audit team, if the congress finds that the audit and evaluation process is effective, the recommendations that by the audit team are incorporated in future budgets. The incorporation of the audit recommendations helps in continuous improvements of future budgets and overall enhancement of public financial management. The law requires the auditors to present their findings as soon as possible after finishing their investigations and compiling the report for accuracy and accountability purposes. Long delays in submitting the auditing findings may hinder accountability in instances wh ere executives who are responsible for any loss of funds have retired or moved to other sectors. Moreover, public interest is mainly on current issues. In addition, delays in submitting the findings may result in difficulties in pursuing disciplinary measures of the responsible culprit (Schick Lostracco, 2000). The public budget cycle for the federal government is important as it ensures that there is a proper allocation of funds for appropriate departments to execute their functions accordingly. In addition, it ensures that there is transparency and accountability for executives who oversee the budget implementation process. In conclusion: budgeting is not an event, but a process. The budget cycle does not occur in a distinct form, but rather in a continuous and interconnected manner. The role of the congress in the budgeting process should entail budget approval and review of audit findings. In addition, the congress should request for important documents used during the drafting phase. Moreover, the congress should access actual and estimates data of the revenues and expenditures to assist in monitoring the implementation process. Reference List Lee, R.D., Johnson, R.W. Joyce, P.G. (2008). Public budgeting systems (8th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. IS.Advertising Looking for coursework on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nikol, A. (2011). What is Budget Cycle? Retrieved from https://bizfluent.com/info-7791825-budget-cycle.html Saturno, J. (2004). The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview. New York: Prentice Hall. Schick, A. Lostracco, F. (2000). The Federal Budget: Politics, Policy, Process. New York: Prentice Hall.
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Examples of the Verb Ride, Including Ride Past Tense
Examples of the Verb Ride, Including Ride Past Tense The verb ride means to sit on and control the movement of a means of transportation such as a bike, car, or a horse, as well as to be a passenger being conveyed in or on such a means of transportation. The verb is used in English to express how a person or thing is using that transportation, such as, I rode in a car or He rides a horse. Ride is an irregular verb because it does not take a regular conjugation pattern. For example, the verb want is a regular verb in English, where the present tense is simply the verb, itself, often preceded by a pronoun, such as I want, or an infinitive, such as to want. For a regular verb in the past tense, you would simply add ed, as in I wanted. By contrast, ride is an irregular verb because its conjugations do not follow the pattern of a regular-conjugation verb such as want. The verb takes the same conjugations as the irregular verb drive, for example, which conjugates with a pattern of drive-drove-driven, depending on the tense. The verb ride, then, is the same as a regular verb in English, taking the form ride in the present tense. But in the past tense, the root changes, with the i changing to o, to form the verb rode. The past participle is completely different, but more on that below. Key Takeaways: The Irregularity of Ride The verb ride does not follow a regular conjugation pattern. Its conjugation pattern is the same as for the verb drive, which conjugates as drive-drove-driven, depending on the tense.In the present tense, the conjugation of ride is the same as for a regular verb taking the form ride.In the past tense, the root changes, with the i swapping out for o, to form the verb rode. The past participle is ridden, as in: He has ridden the bike. Conjugating the Verb Ride It can be helpful for English learners to view the basic conjugations of a verb. The table provides conjugations for ride in the present, past, and past participle tenses. Present I ride you ride he/she/it rides we ride you ride they ride Past I rode you rode he/she/it rode we rode you rode they rode Past Participle I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they (have) ridden Note that the base form is ride, the simple past tense is rode, and the past participle is ridden. Example Sentences of the Verb Ride Here are sentences of the verb ride in nearly all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. The tense is indicated in bold, followed by a brief explanation of when to use the particular tense, together with three example sentences. Present Simple This is the basic present tense. Use it to indicate something that occurs in the present. He rides his motorcycle to work.They ride to work together.I like to ride my horse. Present Simple Passive Though using passive voice is not considered the best practice for writing, there are conjugations for this voice, including for the verb ride. Use this form of the passive voice to express something that is happening to or being done by someone. That horse is ridden by Tom.The mower is ridden by Joe.The bus is ridden by the passengers. Present Continuous The present continuous is used to express an ongoing action. Were riding our bikes to the park this afternoon.They are riding the horses to the track.Sally is riding her scooter. Present Continuous Passive This tense is similar to the present continuous but in passive form. The horses are being ridden by tourists at the moment.The scooter is being ridden by Sally.The horses are being ridden to the park by them. Present Perfect The present perfect connotes an action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. Have you ever ridden a horse?They havent ridden their scooters for years.She has ridden her bike to work for six months. Present Perfect Passive This tense is similar to the present perfect but in the passive voice. Has that horse by ridden yet?The scooters havent been ridden by them for years.The bike hasnt been ridden for months. Present Perfect Continuous This tense is used to refer to an unspecified time between before now and now. We have been riding bikes since 9 a.m.She has been riding the open road since last night.He has been riding his scooter for the past three hours. Past Simple The past simple is, as the name implies, the simple past. It expresses an action that occurred and was completed, in the past. He rode his bike to work last week.She rode her scooter to work.The passenger rode in the car. Past Simple Passive This tense is the same as the simple past but in the passive voice. That motorcycle was ridden by Elvis.The scooter was ridden by her.The horse was ridden by the equestrian competitor. Past Continuous The past continuous shows that an ongoing action was happening at a specific moment in the past. He was riding his bike when his cell phone rang.She was riding her scooter to work when the police officer gave her a ticket.The equestrian competitor was riding her horse when she was stopped by a fan. Past Continuous Passive As in the other tenses, the past continuous passive is the same as the past continuous but in the passive voice. The horse was being ridden by Jack when it fell.The scooter was being ridden by her when a policeman stopped her.The bike was being ridden by him when his cell phone rang. Past Perfect The past perfect refers to something that occurred in the past before another action in the past. They had already ridden the horse before they bought it.She had already ridden the scooter before she got into an accident.He had already ridden the bike when he got a flat. Past Perfect Passive This tense is the same as the past perfect but in the passive voice. The horse had been ridden before it was sold.The bike had been ridden before its tire went flat.The scooter had already been ridden when it was in an accident. Past Perfect Continuous This tense expresses something that started in the past and continued until another event happened, also in the past. They had been riding for two hours when the accident happened.She had been riding for an hour before she received a ticket.The competitor had been riding for two months before her first fan approached her. Future The future tense expresses something that will happen in the future. She will ride her bike to work.He will ride with the other passengers.The competitor will ride the horse at the nationals. Future passive The future passive expresses a future action but in the passive voice. That horse will be ridden by the queen.The scooter will be ridden by her.The bike will be ridden by the commuter. Future Continuous This tense expresses an action that will start and continue in the future. This time next week we will be riding our motorcycles down the highway on holiday.By next year, we will all be riding scooters to work.By the time I get to Phoenix, Ill be riding a train. Future Perfect The future perfect expresses an action that starts and finishes at some point in the future. She will have ridden all the horses in the stable by the end of the month.The commuters will have ridden the scooters to work 100 times by the end of the year.By the time I get to Phoenix, I will have ridden for 66 hours. Future Possibility The future possibility expresses something that might happen in the future. She might ride Lucky.The gambler might break even.The commuter might save time if he takes a different route. Real Conditional The real conditional expresses uncertainty about whether an action will occur. If she rides her motorcycle, she will change her clothes.If he commutes by bike, he will save money.If the jockey rides the horse Affirmed, he will win the race. Present Modal Modal verbs are auxiliary (helping) verbs that express ability, possibility, permission, or obligation. The present modal expresses these things in the present. She should ride that horse.I may ride that scooter.She might get a ticket if she rides too fast. Past Modal The past modal is similar to the present modal but in the past tense. She cant have ridden her bike!I might have ridden that scooter, but Im not sure.She might have ridden to fast before receiving a moving violation. Quiz: Conjugate with Ride Use the verb to ride to conjugate the following sentences. The quiz answers are listed below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. That horse _____ by Tom._____ you ever _____ a horse?He _____ his bike when his cell phone rang.She _____ her motorcycle to work next week.If she _____ her motorcycle, she will change her clothes.He _____ his bike to work last week.That motorcycle _____ by Elvis!He _____ his motorcycle to work.We _____ bikes since nine this morning.If she _____ her motorcycle, she will change her clothes. Quiz Answers is riddenHave riddenwas ridingis going to rideridesrodewas riddenrideshave been ridingrides
Sunday, November 3, 2019
English Terrorism Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
English Terrorism Law - Essay Example Such a form of terrorism is called State Terrorism. It would not be wrong to say that 'terrorism' and 'terrorist' are both relative terms. Their meanings differ from people to people, society to society. Therefore it's not surprising that one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter! 'On one point, at least, everyone agrees: terrorism is a pejorative term. It is a word with intrinsically negative connotations that is generally applied to one's enemies and opponents, or to those with whom one disagrees and would otherwise prefer to ignore. 'What is called terrorism , thus seems to depend on one's point of view. Use of the term implies a moral judgment; and if one party can successfully attach the label terrorist to its opponent, then it has indirectly persuaded others to adopt its moral viewpoint.' Hence the decision to call someone or label some organization terrorist' becomes almost unavoidably subjective, depending largely on whether one sympathizes with or opposes the person/group/cause concerned. If one identifies with the victim of the violence, for example, then the act is terrorism. If, however, one identifies with the perpetrator, the violent act is regarded in a more sympathetic, if not positive (or, at the worst, an ambivalent) light; and it is not ter rorism.' [3] The English Legal System: In the United Kingdom; England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Irelands have their own distinct legal system. Among these states there is a considerable difference in laws and their implementation. There are two kinds of laws. The Common laws which has not been clearly defined and is based on customs and traditions is used unless superseded by legislation. On the other hand there is the equity law which consists of a body of rules applied by the courts. The British legal system is not based on Roman law unlike the laws of certain other European countries [17]. However, due to its membership of the European Union, the European Community Law applies to economic and social judgements in the UK. The rulings are usually given by the European Court. There is a lot of literature on the subject of the relationship between EU Law and National Law.A group of competent law makers claim that the EU law is the supreme law of the land. The European law is based on the premise of 'We the People!' How ever, others argue that to evaluate the performance of national courts, adherence to the national constitution is to be strictly observed. [5] The Head of the judiciary in England and Wales is the Lord Chancellor. He has the authority to make all appointments for the magistrates and to the crowns except the highest which is made by the Prime Minister. There are two kinds of courts; criminal courts and civil courts [24]. The Home Secretary is responsible for the criminal justice system in England and Wales. Lastly there are the tribunals, which work in conjunction with courts. 'They are normally
Thursday, October 31, 2019
Bdm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Bdm - Essay Example 8.56135 7.77005 Inter-quartile range (IQR): The median happens to be in the middle of the sorted data. Similarly the first quartile can be defined as 1/4 of the way through the sorted data, and the third quartile to be 3/4 of the way through the sorted data. Second quartile is also known as the median. The range between the first and third quartiles includes half of the data. The size of the range (i.e., the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile) is another measurement of variability called the inter-quartile range or IQR. For normally distributed data: IQR = 1.35 From the above calculations it appears the reorganization exercise has not been a grand success. Though it appears to have tightened some loose ends but still the average output remains the same. Task-3: Table-2: Annual record of sales revenue & advertising expenditure for SarnesCo (000's) Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sales Revenue 100 130 160 175 180 190 190 180 220 250 255 260 Advertising expenditure 10 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 15 15 16 16 3 period moving averages for sales A3 = (160+130+100)/3 = 390/3 = 130 A4 = (175+160+130)/3 = 465/3 = 155 A5 = (180+175+160)/3 = 515/3 = 171.67 A6 = (190+180+175)/3 = 545/3 = 181.67 A7 = (190+190+180)/3 = 560/3 = 186.67 A8 = (180+190+190)/3 = 560/3 = 186.67 A9 = (220+180+190)/3 = 590/3 = 196.67 A10 = (250+220+180)/3 = 650/3 = 216.67 A11 = (255+250+220)/3 = 725/3 = 241.67 A12 = (260+255+250)/3 = 765/3 = 255 4 period moving averages for sales (it can be calculated similarly as above) A4 = Task-4: Task- 5: Business Presentation Material for the presentation SarnesCo, the manufacturer of machinery for the textile industry, wants to improve its assembly line SarnesCo appoints consultant, who in turn study the assembly...The range between the first and third quartiles includes half of the data. The size of the range (i.e., the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile) is another measurement of variability called the inter-quartile range or IQR. For normally distributed data: Taking a look at the mean, median figures of the production efficiency 'before' and 'after' the implementation of these steps, it is quite apparent that the consultants have not been able to improve the assembly line as much as desired by the company.
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Indian Stock Exchanges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Indian Stock Exchanges - Research Paper Example The researcher states that the Bombay Stock Exchange is â€Å"the oldest stock exchange in Asia†and one of the older ones in the world, having been in operation for 135 years. In 1875, it was known as the Native Share and Stock Brokers Association, and is sometimes known as the Stock Exchange Mumbai. It is astonishingly large: It has the most companies traded and is one of the top ten stock exchanges in the world with a total capitalization of $1.28 trillion. Its electronic trading handles the fifth largest number of trades in the world. It is the second stock exchange in the world to obtain ISO 9001:2000 certification and the second in the world to receive the â€Å"Information Security Management System Standard BS 7799-2-2002 certification for its BSE On-Line Trading System†. The BSE Index, SENSEX, is traded in Hong Kong. The BSE is a hybrid between an order-driven and market maker, quote-driven system. Historically, it used quote-driven systems, but anonymous scree n-based trading systems and the trading of debt and other loan-based assets is done using an order-driven system. However, quote-driven mechanisms still guide trading in many illiquid stocks. Trading occurs between 9:00 AM and 3:30 PM under most circumstances. This is about as long as the NYSE, which trades from 9:30 AM to 4:00 PM normally. The securities and stocks exchanged on the BSE are classified into a few different types of groups. â€Å"BSE has, for the guidance and benefit of the investors, classified the scrips in the Equity Segment into 'A', ‘B’,'T', ‘S', ‘TS' and 'Z' groups on certain qualitative and quantitative parameters†. These groups are classified based on the type of asset being traded, the way the asset is traded and an estimation of quality. F Group trading, for example, is of fixed income securities, while T Group trading are scrips traded per trade which is used for surveillance. S Groups are Indonext segment stocks, which means that TS Group stocks are Indonext stocks traded under trade-to-trade surveillance. Government securities are traded in the G Group. Z Group trades are companies that have failed to comply with listed requirements â€Å"and/or have failed to resolve investor complaints and/or have not made the required arrangements with both the depositories, viz., Central Depository Services (I) Ltd. (CDSL) and National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL) for dematerialization of their securities†. The BSE Sensex is calculated using a Free-float Market Capitalization Model. It is thirty blue-chip stocks, similar to the Dow Jones, which account for one-fifth of the capitalization of the exchange and are safe stocks with a proven track record. â€Å"The market capitalization is determined by multiplying the stock by the numbers of outstanding shares. This calculation is performed for all 30 stocks and then divided by the Sensex Divisor. The Divisor is derived from the original base value of 100 for the Sensex, so the index can be tracked over time. The Sensex is calculated every 15 seconds and then published to investors around the world in real-time†(. One study of the BSE found that a contrarian strategy, a strategy that tries to defy traditional wisdom such as Soros' famous pound-sterling coup.
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Academic Performance of International Students Problems
Academic Performance of International Students Problems Gaw, K. F. (2000). Reverse culture shock in students returning from overseas. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 24(1), 83-104. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.rit.edu/docview/57515934?accountid=108 Personal and academic challenges faced by the international student in Australia Abstract: This research study aims to determine the problems faced by an international student resulting in poor academic performances and also some of the factors that are responsible for the weakness in their study of Kings own Institute (KOI) Sydney. Being new to the abroad learning experiences,students certainly will face many challenges interms of their academic and personal life. Therefore,it will try to identify the problems behind the failures,which not only reduce their grades, but also creates problems in their personal and economic life too. The purpose of this study is to understand the learning experience of international students in this new learning environment. New culture, differences in the learning style, not knowing the proper ways of doing the class assignments,difficulties on managing the job schedule and management of class,difficulties in discourse, the difficulties on language problem further creates a difficulty of adjustment in the new environment. International stud ents from different countries at KOI makes valuable contribution of cultural and language diversity,but at the same time it creates cultural and language differences among student to another student and student with the lecturer and other staff member of the KOI. When student encounter new environment with unfamiliar face,certainly they feel awkward and shy to ask anything or anyone for help which further becomes problematic for them. Hence; the research will look at how things from the new environment are perceived by international students. The consequences of the research will not only be in finding the problems and its causes but also in finding the proper and positive ways to improve and resolve the existing problems and to lessen them somehow by finding out the causes behind the issue. What are the major issues that international students have to face? When they are newcomers in Australia will be the focus question for research. The significance of the study will benefit both the staff member and the future international students who will encounter similar problems at an early phase of starting new abroad experience away from their home. These issues and problems can help the department of KOI to try for more progressive ways to help out and solve the issues of students who are totally lost and confused. Qualitative research method was used for this research project where face to face interviews to try to understand the issues was conducted with the participants. Five international student from different nationality were taken as the respondent for the research interview and questions. Even though the research has its own significance,scope,aims and objectives,the research had some limitation which was unavoided. Because of the limited time and few respondents . The study would have been more authentic if larger group of people from diverse background and disciplines were interviewed to explore more things and see the comparability. The findings of the study showed other challenges apart from language barrier ranging from time management,adopting the Australian culture,the proper ways of doing the assignment without plaigairism and proper referencing of the source,accommodation,social isolation,and financial complication. In addition,the interview question with the international students highlighted how educational workshops,help from friend and colleagues,and individual study improved their difficulties and challenges and turn into a better experience of the new learning environment. All in all, the study will try to understand the views and the opinions of the various participants and try to resolve the issues by comparing and contrasting the problems faced by each participant and also will look at the experiences of the students on their journey of being an overseas student in a different country with different ways of learning. KEYWORDS: Determine, consequences, conducted, resolve, qualitative method, contrasting. The research problem: Studying aboard is a challenging thing for students interms of being able to adjust in every thing that will make things difficult in a new learning environment. The basic purpose of this research will be to seek out the various factors that cause problems for leading to academic failures and also in personal life at Kings Own Institute, Sydney. This research aims to investigate the factors that cause stressful situations for students resulting in poor academic performance and various other issues affecting their lives adversely. Most of the international students are from a second language background, which does not include learning in their first language. Even though they have to take some proficiency test (IELTS) in order to meet the entry criteria to the University and campus, they will have a hard time accessing the resources and also in understanding the lectures because of the new information in the new language too. The main complication faced by the international students is regarded with language and skills needed for academic reading and writing. (Ballard, B. Clanchy, J. (1997). Even though, language difficulties appears to be a problem for many international students,research has shown that mixture of academic experiences,expectations and differences in the learning and teaching practices also creates problem for them. (Ames, 1996; Bilbow, 1989). At a social level, the sense of loneliness, cultural shock, the necessity to find work, managing the class timetable and work schedule at the same time make them feel more isolated and frustrated in the early months. All of these problems are combined with the study and students also have to pass the demand of KOI to remain in the college here as mentioned in their visa status. The danger of failing the KOI subjects brings additional and heavy stress on students as this also decides their permission to stay in Australia too. There are many benefits offered by KOI at academic and social level but students are sometimes too occupied to benefit from these program and as a result,they fall behind their studies. Therefore, the scope of this research will be limited to International students at KOI who will be from non-English background countries, who will be both from the Bachelors as well as Masters strands. If the existing problems are not identified and resolved, then, it may lessen the motivation for the students to move ahead in their life and may cause long-term effects. Background: Australia is regarded as one of the most popular destinations for studying, especially for international students. Educational institutions are of high quality and so regarded around the world. Enrolment for higher studies has increased considerably in recent years. Universal understudies pick Australia for the Australian instruction encounter on offer and for the all around perceived, excellent capabilities. The chance to coordinate with a different scope of residential and universal understudies improves this experience. Australian organizations are additionally looking to widen and expand their understudy populace by creating solid associations and coordinated efforts with establishments abroad and encouraging the development of understudy trade through these organizations. Global understudies, aside from their prompt review pathways, set their sights on their future vocation ways, regardless of whether that is at home, in Australia or a third nation. The entrance to work is an ex ceptionally important resource in pulling in understudies to Australia, particularly in connection to contender nations, for example, the United Kingdom and United States(Australia,Educating globally advice from international education advisory council, p-50-58) Acceptance and demand for Internationalization and Globalization of the world have increased the flow of students from different parts of the world to Australia. The world is going thorug numerous changes in the field of science,technology,media and medicine which is revolutionisng the field of education too. ( NorzainiAzman, Yang Farina Abd. Aziz,2006) . Striving for better opportunities and dreams of a better life has always attracted overseas students to come to Australia. Multiculturalism and biodiversity among the people have further led overseas students to be positive about this country too. International students have always made a positive contribution to their Universities, or college. The flow of cultural diversity and exchange, the increment of financial revenue for the colleges through payment from tuition fees by international students and the cost of living expenses has further had ensured warm welcome for international students in various universities and educational institutes across Australia. Source: Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Student visa program,Accessed on 18th January,2017,Retrieved from Australian social trends December 2011(ABS) The above graph clearly shows the variation and origin of students in Australia from various backgrounds because of which, all students both native and non-native have developed sensitivity to other students as a result of dealing with students from different backgrounds too. Having students from overseas have always made a positive contribution in Australia. Australia has always been regarded as a developed country in terms of providing facilities to the people in various fields. Employment, education, and the technological field have always been focused on and achieve success in various important fields and given opportunities to the people too. Renowned universities and colleges are found in Australia which provides the best education both practically and theoretically. International students have to deal with many problems. Differences in the education system compared to their home country makes it more confusing for them while doing the assignments and not knowing the accepted way to solve their problems too. Knowledge about the library resources ,proper style of referencing and formats are very necessary for students but they lack such skills which creates further problem for them. (Martin Zimerman, (2012),pp. 290 299). The important part for academic writing is to acknowledge the concerned sources, hence, not knowing the right way to reference the text and sources makes them more confused ,which in a way must be solved by seeking out help form the instructors who can help in summarizing the complex text through academic style. Furthermore, the Instructors can also arrange workshops appropriate for tutoring (Rebecca Moore Howard, p-799-781) Ways of performing their work and carrying it out have to followthe accepted method of the country in which they are working. The language barrier is another factor that makes it difficult for them understand the lectures being given because of their lecturers accent they are not familiar with. Students pretend to understand the lessons in order to be equal to the native speakers because of the limited language proficiency. When students are new to the learning environment they are unfamiliar with the people and the context of the study which makes them shyand introvertwhich makes them worried and tense during social interactions(Australian psychological association,2012) A Better Education determines a better future for the student. Education shapes the students present career and makes them ready for future opportunities so that they can sustain their living and have a better life. Therefore, it is required to address the personal and academic challenges faced by international students and find a possible solution to resolve those issues too. Not only students but the concerned and responsible organization should also show some interest in solving the issues faced by the students in order to help them progress in a more organizedway. Universities and colleges should also organize a workshop program where the international students can be a part of it and be familiar with Study Materials such as the library and make-up classes and extra language and also with other fellow classmates and also with the languages being used for the interaction. The arrangement of the cultural and recreational activities by the Educational institutes can develop a sense of group understanding among other students. Assisting students with clear guidelines required for the assignment, and helping them by providing the sample answers can make them do their assignment better. For the language barriers to be overcome, educational institutions must organize English Development Classes every week (like the ones existing at KOI) in order to be familiar with the various accents (lectures delivered in English), vocabulary, and words. This way, students can understand the topic being discussed in the class and contribute to their conversation being taught in the class too. Universities and colleges should be willing to assist the students socially, culturally and academically. Proper guidance from the teachers, Universities staffs, head of the Faculty members, and a support from their fellow classmates can surely make students lessen their problem regarding the assignment problems, language barriers and other related issues faced by the students. Better and mutual understanding among the teachers and the students will develop the sense of communication, which will help in notifying the issues being raised, existed and the ways to solve those problems in an effic ient and effective way too. Ethical consideration: Being ethical means that your project does not bring harm or disadvantage to anyone who takes part, including yourself-(Lambert, M. 2012). Carrying out an ethical research means to involve the collection of the information and data from people without any intention of harming them and putting them at risk. Therefore the researcher has to conduct the research in an ethical way. Research needs to be undertaken under the Legal frameworks and regulation which must be followed as per the rules and regulations of the concerned institutions. The research project needs to have a detailed plan of the research for the approval to prove the relevance of the research in order to start a research. After that, there needs to be approval from the participants too. Participants of the research have every right to know about the subject matter and need to agree before starting the research. The researcher needs to get approval from the participant and also should provide a consent form. The main aim of the research will be to find a reasonable solution rather than being used for the personal benefit of the researcher. Therefore some of the other factors to be followed during the research process are: Honesty: The researcher should be honest about the information given by the informants and try not to misinterpret or misrepresent it. It should be recorded in the way it is. The researcher should also avoid mis-leading the participants inorderto get an honest answers from them. . So, the researcher needs to be clear in front of the participants about the research and the processes involved in tithe participants of the researcher should be made very clear about the purposes of the study, and also about the methods being used while conducting the research Objectivity: The researcher should be neutral and should avoid biasness interms of sex,race and ethnicity. Prevention of harm and risks, honest and truth, Privacy, confidentiality, anonymity intervention are some of the things to be kept in mind before and during the research. The researcher should avoid bias between the participants too. Confidentiality: The researcher should protect the confidential information and the recorded data given by the informants. Personalinformations and secrets shared by them should not be disclosed and should be kept confidential. Anonymity: In some case the informants are not willing to share their name and contact details. Therefore their anonymity should alswyas be respected and protected making sure that it is not disclosed anywhere. Anonymity of individuals and organisations also has to be maintained(Bryman Alan and Emma Bell,2007) Legality: The researcher should follow and obey the rules and regulations thats needs to be followed without any intention of harming or causing problem to anyone. Survey of Literature: The literature review will look at the research that has been done in the past and published by various authors on the subject matter and the solution for resolving the issues for the challenges faced by an international student for the backwardness in their study and poor performances making their life more stressful. Some of the literature review on the regarded subject matter is mentioned below; Loneliness and international students an Australian study,2008, Journal of studies in international education. United States: Sage Publications, Inc. , 2008. Vol. 12, no. 2 (Summer 2008), p. 148-180. In a study of international student security, consisting of 200 intensive interviews with students, resident onshore in Australia, it was found that two-thirds of the group had experienced problems of loneliness and/or isolation, especially in the early months where students feel more lonely because of having no friends at all and also because of the loss of regular contact with their families, relatives, and friends. According to Higher Education Research Development, Volume 10, Issue 1, 1991, Overseas students bring to Australia a very different cultural, social and intellectual experience from that which awaits them. Reviews of previous studies suggest that their beliefs, values, and attitudes to knowledge, to styles of learning and study, can lead to study shock. A questionnaire survey of a sample of 133 first year overseas students mainly from Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong, most of whom were studying for a Bachelor of Business degree, and 76 Australian-born first year students mainly of British and European origin from the same classes, showed that compared to local students the overseas group had significantly greater difficulties adjusting to academic requirements, particularly with regard to managing the demands of study, specifically study methods, independent learning, language skills, participation and time management. Danny Ong, 2009, A UNSW press book, The international students handbook, Living and studying in Australia. The last two decades have seen a second wave statistics of international students coming to Australian Universities. The enormous growth in the number of such students is unequaled around the world. The majority of these students have very positive experiences and surveys generally show a high level of satisfaction. However, many hazards await students, and the Universities and the relevant government have shown a varying ability to address these optimally. Issues such as finding suitable accommodation, health care including a mental health care, homesickness, the costs of living and travel, and the safety of the students are all significant concerns. Andrade, Maureen Snow, (2006) writes, International students in institutions of higher education in English-speaking countries make valuable educational and economic contributions. For these benefits to continue, universities must become more knowledgeable about the adjustment issues these students face and implement appropriate support services. This review identifies factors that influence the adjustment and academic achievement of international students. Adjustment challenges are primarily attributable to English language proficiency and culture. Achievement is affected by English proficiency, academic skills, and educational background. Understanding international student adjustment issues has global implications for intercultural education too. Learning at University: The International Student Experience, Meeri Hellsten and Anne Prescott, volume 5, no. 3, 2004, International Education Journal: The The journal explains how lack of communication between students and teahers adversely affect the students learning. The stereotype of Asian background students of being slow,and passive infornt of their colleagues and teacher makes them feel like they cant contribute in class discussion because of the inferiority of making mistakes. Yes. Um they [teachers] think its a job. They ask something. We say nothing cause we wanna say but (inaudible) shy. And Im afraid sometimes Ill make a mistake. The above statement from one of the student from the journal mentioned how assumption of an individual can create problems for communicating and also in learning process. The journal also stated how leaving away from family,friends and relatives is an awful experience for younger international students interms of acculturations,adaptation to the new learning environment,and communication problem which lacks support from the teaching staff too. The findings from the study in the journal mentioned the busy schedules of the teaching staff because of which even the students wanted help from the teacher,the student was unable to get any support to solve the issue. Aims and objectives of the Research: The international students come to Australia with the aim of studying and getting a qualification which will lead them to a better life in Australia or other English speaking countries. The aim is to become proficient in English and live possibly in English speaking countries. This is one of the pressures on the students as their parents are pressurizing them . Thats an external challenge but there are numerous challenges arising during their study and stay in Australia. The students not only have to be aware of the program but at social level and academic level the students have to be aware of how they use their English on different profession, socialpeople,academic reading and writing. This review expects to give keen data furthermore, direction not just for ebb and flow and future universal research understudies in Australian colleges, additionally for different instructive administrations and significant government organizations to give more successful support to them (Joanne sin Wei Yeoh,University of Tasmania,pg-1) The social challenges are cultural, in that Australia has very different culture part of which is based on English culture and but part of it now is based on mixed race background of the many other country people who live in Australia. For example; as stated by the (Australian bureau statistics ABS, 2012), the second most spoken language in Australia is Mandarin (1. 6per cent), Italian (1. 4 per cent) and Arabic (1. 3 per cent) respectively. There are many Chinese; there are many Italian and many Arabic and people from all over the world. Andtherefore, there are different cultural habits, and attitudes with which the student must become familiar and must learn not to object to the practices of other people. Thats a very difficult thing for some people. Therefore, the research will look at some of the issues and the questions, which will help for getting more informations. How the international students cope with various challenges occurring in the new learning environment? As a part of the social challenge, there is the food, much of which can be very different to their home country and then there is the behavior of people that are regarded a bad mannered, not standing back for other people or for women. For example in Australia, walking on the left is important, especially in the crowded areas. These are all the things to which students have to get used. But, intellectual or mental problems are also considerably important. The education in Australia is of much more personally oriented rather than group oriented. In that its aimed at individuals and therefore, in that one has to learn virtually twolanguages. One is the language of social interaction and one is the language of professional interaction and the vocabularies of each of those are very important. The research basically aims to evaluate the different factors behind the poor academic performance of the international students of KOI and its effects on their personal life which challenges their stay in Australia. The objectives of the research will be to identify the various challenges faced by the students of KOI and try to find effective solutions and accomplish the aim of resolving those issues and problems in order to make it easier for them to tackle such problems in an easy way. How will they try to understand the different methods of learning? The method of learning in Australia is very much the personal responsibility of the student and they have to get involved in learning as a person not as a member of a group. They have to individualize their learning because the learning that they were doing is the learning so that the person can cope in the society. So, they must as said above have two different vocabularies for personal interaction and the vocabulary language needed for academic interaction. These two languages are very important and are too often neglected by incomers to the society in Australia. The Personal interaction and personal vocabulary for one on one conversation is regarded as extremely important in Australia. The ability to get on with other people in on one on one talk is very important. Inbusiness or in professions there are specific vocabularies and there is almost a specific grammar and this has to be learned by practice. So, in school or for the new comers they have to learn, how to get on with people they dont know and thats important. What are the disadvantages and advantages of being a Non-Native speaker at KOI? Firstly the language used in class is English and the language used by the lecturers and teachers is also English and may be of a kind of English that is different to what you learned because while the lecturers are English speakers, many of them are from non-English speaking cultures. So, some of them would make a difference. The disadvantage also is that the learning of vocabulary learned is specific and one has to learn all the words that deal with that language and in order to get control of the vocabulary needed to cope with that particular profession. Are there a advantage of being a non-native speaker, there are some, in that everyone at KOI, there are many different language background and therefore everyone is forced to speak a clear version of the English language and they are expected to deal with students being aware of that kind of problem and how you use the English at different sector socially, professionally and academically. Research Design: This research study will use a qualitative approach. This methodology will have great role as regard to researcher as they will be involved in every steps taken before and during the research process, planning and reporting. Qualitative approach helps for doing the social issues as there is an active participation and interaction both between the researchers and the individuals involved in it. Thematizing(What is going to be studied), how the research should be designed,How the interviews will be conducted and recorded, are some of the key points to be followed during the process of research based on qualitative research. Here, qualitative researcher must be personally involved in every research process as researcher is the final person to decide what must be included in that particular subject of research. (Anne Sofia Fink, 2000). Interviews have a moral issues; they concern interpersonal exchange of information resulting data about the human personal life and condition. Maintainingconfidentiality,informed consent and secrecy is problematic issue to handle during the data collection from this methodology. The qualitative method will help us get the information through in-depth interviews of the related focus group. It is at this point that the information from the focused group is emphasized. Center gatherings are thought up settings, uniting a particularly picked area of the populace to examine a specific given topic or subject, where the connection with the assemble prompts to information and results. Theresearch will be reliable only if the research question is carried out in similar group of respondents in similar context to get similar results(pg-284-290,Louis cohen,Lawrencemanion and Keith morrission). Since the focused group is normally at the undergraduate level and post-graduate level (dependin g on the countries they are originated from), the participants will be limited and would randomly be selected as its not possible to include every one of them. Students ranging from 4-7will be included from diverse subject background and nation. Interview with several respondents and questions of same topic increases comparability which reduces bias among the participant and their opinon about the topic. (p-355,6th edition,Louis cohen,Lawrencemanion and Keith morrission) Quantitative research is based on numbers and statistics but Qualitative research is not related to the numeric data and information so everything needs to be recorded as the methodology seek to collect information about a small number of respondents (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2009). Recordings from audio will be taken with the approval of the participants in order to study the tone and their way of expression. Everything must be recorded and analyzed in order to include all information and not to miss out on any information provided by the participants. As mentioned above, Interview was taken among students which included the following question: 1. What were the major difficulties you faced while you were new in Australia? 2. What measures did you take to resolve those challenges? 3. What were your expectations before applying and coming to Australia? 4. What were the differences you found in terms of culture between Australia and your home country? 5. What did you do to cope up with following things? Differences in culture Homesickness Job schedules and class management Assignment stress And language problem References: American Psychological Association. (2012). Shyness. Retrieved on January 31st 2017, from http: //www. apa. org/topics/shyness/index. aspx Andrade, Maureen Snow. International students in English-speaking universities Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education 5. 2 (2006): 131-154. Ames, M. (1996). Oxford Brookes: The international student experience. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)